Sometimes the uppercase/lowercase format for data is not appropriate. Excel has functions to change the way text looks.

Sometimes we need to manipulate only a part of a text string, and there are Excel functions for doing that.

Excel allows for text functions to “add” text together. It also allows numbers to be converted to a string of characters, rather than a numeric value.

When you copy and paste from browsers (or other applications), often the formatting of the data is just right – you get the columns that you want. But sometimes Excel does not do create the columns correctly, and for that we have a tool for converting Text to Columns.

Cell references get a bit more complex when using cells from other sheets, but they can be created with the mouse, and formulas can be copied to access multiple cells across sheets. Named ranged become even more useful when using multiple sheets for a model.