Random numbers are useful for spreadsheet models that are simulations. This describes the fundamental function used to create these simulations, RAND().

There is the simple summation function SUM(). Sums can also be done for only cells that meet conditions with SUMIF(). Two columns can be multiplied together with products for each row summed together using SUMPRODUCT().

Logs, square roots and constants like PI()

ABS() removes the sign of a number. ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), ROUNDDOWN() and TRUNC() will change the precision of the number.